What You Need to Know About Air Quality Testing
Testing the air quality in your home is a great way to make sure you’re not dealing with any problems, like mold, allergens, or radon. In this article we discuss why air quality matters, how its tested, and resources to measure it.
We’ve compiled a list of resources that you can use to test air quality yourself as well as an outline of what causes poor home air quality.
Quick Summary
Home air quality is a critical foundation to overall health.
An air quality indoor test can provide a point of reference on the way to improving one’s air quality within their living environment. Most people do not check their home’s indoor air quality (IAQ) but many should.
There are also monitor devices that can test your home’s air pollution for harmful particles.
By testing your air – you’ll be able to plan your strategy for improving air quality in your home.
Why Does Air Quality Matter?
Researchers in India compiled a range of studies that considered the effect of air filtration on indoor air quality and the resulting positive health outcomes. Poor air quality can result in a myriad of health issues over time.
Those studies found that filtering recirculated air improved microvascular function in healthy elderly people, improved another type of vascular function in healthy adults and resulted in better lung function in indigenous communities, among other benefits.
Studies can be found in the below – https://www.atsjournals.org/doi/full/10.1164/rccm.201010-1572OC & https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/ina.12019 & https://www.atsjournals.org/doi/full/10.1164/rccm.200704-632OC
How is Air Quality measured?
Indoor air quality (IAQ) is measured using a combination of instruments and methods to detect and quantify various pollutants present in the indoor environment. The measurement process involves collecting air samples from different areas within a building and analyzing them to determine pollutant concentrations.
Here are some common methods and instruments used to measure indoor air quality:
Particulate Matter (PM) Monitoring:
Handheld or stationary particulate monitors that measure the concentration of airborne particles, such as dust, pollen, pet dander, and other allergens.
Gas Monitoring:
Gas sensors and monitors that detect and quantify specific indoor air pollutants, including carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), formaldehyde, and other gases.
Humidity and Temperature Monitoring:
Hygrometers and temperature sensors to measure indoor humidity levels and temperature, as high humidity can lead to mold growth and discomfort.
Airborne Mold and Bacteria Testing:
Air sampling devices that collect air samples and analyze them in a laboratory to detect and quantify airborne mold spores, bacteria, and other microorganisms.
Radon Testing:
Radon testing kits or continuous monitoring devices that measure the concentration of radon gas, a radioactive gas that can seep into buildings from the ground.
VOC and Formaldehyde Testing:
Specific devices designed to measure volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and formaldehyde concentrations, which can come from various household products, paints, and furnishings.
Airborne Allergen Testing:
Air sampling devices that collect samples to analyze for the presence of allergens like pollen, pet dander, and dust mites.
Real-time Monitoring Systems:
Advanced IAQ monitors that integrate multiple sensors to measure various pollutants simultaneously and provide real-time data and alerts.
Building Inspection:
A thorough inspection of the building, including ventilation systems, to identify potential sources of pollution or IAQ issues.
Air Quality Index (AQI) for Indoor Spaces:
Some quality monitors use an Indoor Air Quality Index (IAQI) to provide an overall assessment of indoor air quality and its potential health impacts.
Regular IAQ measurements are crucial for identifying potential health risks and taking appropriate actions to improve IAQ. Addressing IAQ concerns can lead to a healthier and more comfortable indoor environment for occupants.
If you have specific IAQ concerns, it’s advisable to seek assistance from indoor air quality professionals or environmental consultants who can conduct comprehensive assessments and provide expert guidance.
How to Test Indoor Air Quality in Your Home
There are various methods to test indoor air quality, ranging from simple DIY tests to more comprehensive professional assessments. Here’s a step-by-step guide on how to test your indoor air quality:
Identify Areas of Concern:
Determine which specific indoor air pollutants you are concerned about. Common indoor pollutants include particulate matter (dust, pollen, pet dander), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), mold spores, radon gas, carbon monoxide, and formaldehyde.
DIY Air Quality Tests:
Home Test Kits: There are DIY air quality test kits available for purchase that cover specific pollutants. Follow the instructions provided with the kit to collect samples and analyze the results.
Radon Test Kits: For radon gas testing, you can purchase a radon test kit specifically designed to measure radon levels in your home.
Monitor Humidity: High humidity can lead to mold growth and other air quality issues. Consider using a hygrometer to monitor indoor humidity levels. Ideally, indoor humidity should be between 30% to 50%.
Ventilation Inspection
Ensure that your home’s ventilation systems, such as air vents and exhaust fans, are clean and functioning properly. Good ventilation helps reduce the circulation of indoor air pollutants.
Address Specific Concerns: If the test results indicate high levels of a particular pollutant, take necessary actions to address the issue.
For example:
Use an air purifier(s) with appropriate filters to target specific pollutants like allergens or VOCs.
Improve ventilation by opening windows or using exhaust fans to reduce indoor air pollutant concentrations.
Fix any water leaks or damp areas to prevent mold growth.
Install carbon monoxide detectors near bedrooms and on every level of your home to monitor for potential leaks.
Regular Maintenance
Perform regular maintenance on HVAC systems, air purifiers, and other appliances to ensure they function efficiently and don’t contribute to air quality issues.
Remember that testing IAQ periodically is essential, especially if you or your family members experience unexplained health symptoms or discomfort. Taking steps to improve indoor air quality can lead to a healthier and more comfortable living environment.
When should you hire a professional air quality testing service?
Even though many DIY tests exist they can be restricted especially in regard to the biggest threat to air quality — mold. Home owners without mold assessment can determine air quality with accuracy. The diy kit available at major retail shops confirms the truth of mold professionals: mold is everywhere. Mold is often hidden under walls and floors which makes detecting it difficult. It often begins at a hard-to-see place such as basements – they prefer damp and dark — and spreads across the home’s HVAC system.
If you want a more comprehensive analysis, consider hiring a certified indoor air quality professional or environmental consultant. These entities can provide professional test and professional inspection.
Home Inspections: Some home inspectors may also offer IAQ assessments as part of their services.
Resources to Measure Air Quality –
These resources are focused on AQI so use these as part of your overall analysis.
AQI from the EPA – you can simply enter your zip code to receive a snapshot of the air quality in your area
Purple Air – this map is similar to the AQI map from the EPA, however PurpleAir also has sensors available for those wishing to monitor indoor or outdoor air quality
Global Air Quality Map – traveling or interested in air quality across the globe, check this out.
Now for IAQ – the best approach here is to measure carbon dioxide (CO2).
Here’s why – this study concluded that CO2 levels are seemingly good indicators of particle pollution in an indoor space. High carbon dioxide concentrations occur in poorly ventilated and purified areas (this confirms our previous analysis that poor ventilation is one of the biggest culprits in poor IAQ). You can obtain cheap CO2 sensors for your home if desired. Our take is – assume the worst and plan your filter strategy accordingly.
Testing for Allergens Inside With an IAQ Monitor
IAQ monitoring systems are an essential skill set. The IAQ monitors detect particulates that may cause allergies. There is an alternative monitoring system for CO, CO2 and other chemical pollutants. IAQ monitors can have computer controlled temperature controls and programmable controls. The screen shows the pollution concentration and the pollution levels. These readings are real-time and may help determine air quality.
Footbot Indoor Air Quality Monitor
Airthings Wave Series
Home Air Check Formaldehyde Test Kit
Other Home Test Kits –
My Mold Detective Mold Test Kit
First Alert RF1 Electronic Radon Tests Kit
Carbon Monoxide
Another item worth noting is carbon monoxide, a silent killer. In many cases – it makes sense to install carbon monoxide detectors in your home in addition to air filters. Carbon Monoxide poisoning – what does this look like?
Options for Carbon Monoxide Detectors
Kiddie Nighthawk Carbon Monoxide Detector
First Alert CO710 Carbon Monoxide Detector
Signs of Poor Air Quality In Your Home
Poor indoor air quality can have adverse effects on your health and overall comfort. Here are some common signs that may indicate the presence of poor indoor air quality in your home:
Unpleasant Odors: Persistent and unpleasant odors, such as musty, moldy, or stale smells, could indicate the presence of mold, mildew, or other airborne contaminants.
Allergy or Asthma Symptoms: If you or your family members experience frequent allergy symptoms like sneezing, runny nose, itchy eyes, or asthma symptoms such as coughing, wheezing, or shortness of breath, it may be a sign of allergens or irritants in the air.
Excessive Dust: Noticeable accumulation of dust on surfaces, even after regular cleaning, may indicate poor air filtration and ventilation.
Mold Growth & Musty Odor: The presence of visible mold or mildew on walls, ceilings, or other surfaces is a clear sign of high indoor humidity and poor air quality. You can potentially use a petri dish tests for mold detection.
Condensation or Water Damage: Water stains, condensation on windows, or water damage on walls or ceilings can promote mold growth and may indicate high humidity levels.
Increased Respiratory Issues: If respiratory issues worsen or become more frequent when at home and improve when away, it may indicate indoor air quality issues.
Stale or Stuffy Air: A feeling of stale or stuffy air even when windows are closed may suggest inadequate ventilation.
Frequent Headaches or Fatigue: Poor indoor air quality can lead to headaches, dizziness, fatigue, or general discomfort.
Exacerbation of Existing Conditions: Poor indoor air quality can worsen pre-existing health conditions like asthma, allergies, or respiratory issues.
High Humidity: High indoor humidity levels can lead to condensation on windows, damp spots, and mold growth.
Presence of Radon: Radon is a colorless and odorless gas that can seep into homes from the ground. Regular testing is essential to detect its presence.
Carbon Monoxide: Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless gas that can be produced by the incomplete combustion of carbon-containing fuels.
Chemical Smells: Strong or persistent chemical odors from household products, cleaning agents, or paints can indicate the presence of VOCs.
If you notice any of these signs, it’s essential to address the indoor air quality concerns promptly.
Improving ventilation, using air purifiers, maintaining HVAC systems, and reducing the sources of pollutants can help create a healthier indoor environment. In cases of persistent or severe symptoms, consider seeking advice from a healthcare professional or an indoor air quality specialist.
Sources of Bad Indoor Air Quality
Here is an interesting in-depth study on factors that influence indoor air pollution. Feel free to geek out on this one – summary of activities below.
Cooking – natural gas stoves and gas appliances can have a negative effect on IAQ.
Turn on fan or ventilation above cooking top if able and yes you guessed it have a kitchen air filter/purifier nearby – consider a high-speed mode when cooking to eliminate VOCs emitted during this process, thanks.
Cleaning – yes cleaning the home can leave unwanted airborne pollutants circling your living environment 1) filter the air and/or put air filters on boosted setting 2) read our discussion on cleaner / healthier home cleaning products
Air Fresheners – fragrances are notorious for releases VOCs and negatively impacting the air quality inside.
Pesticides – this is self explanatory in our opinion – utilizing indoor pesticides to control insects can have a negative impact of IAQ.
Building Materials & Furniture –
Air quality tests can give you an idea of current quality and ways to improve it. Knowing the type and severity of the pollutants that affect you can help you determine the potential root cause and course of action. Air pollution can occur in the home or in other areas. Some pollutants cause irritation and some cause serious diseases.
Putting it All Together
It is worthwhile to test the air quality in your home. Please leverage the resources listed above to test air quality and contact us with any questions!
You can use the Environmental Protection Agency site on IAQ for additional information and resources – here. Additionally you can contact your local health department for additional resources on air quality.